Efficiency of Antagonistic Bacteria and Thai Traditional Crude Extracts Against Pyricularia Oryzae-Cause Rice Blast Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33866/phytopathol.037.01.1249Keywords:
antagonistic, Bacillus sp., Actinomycetes sp., rice blast disease, Pyricularia oryzae, Thai traditional plant, crude extractionAbstract
Rice blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is a major rice-yield-reducing disease. Although the disease can be controlled by fungicides, these are often harmful to agriculturists, and fungicide residues that remain in the environment can negatively affect other living organisms. To avoid such effects, antagonistic bacteria is an alternative solution for controlling plant pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate the plant pathogen P. oryzae and identify its antagonistic bacteria from paddy soil. Two antagonistic bacteria, Bacillus inaquosorum and Streptomyces albus, were found to inhibit P. oryzae with 54.44% and 94% inhibition, respectively. Subsequently, the cell free supernatant and volatile compounds (VOCs) of these two strains were screened. The result showed that VOCs did not affect mycelium growth, even though the culture filtrated solution distressed fungal mycelium expansion and spore formation, there was no secreted enzymes (amylase, chitinase, cellulase) inhibiting P. oryzae growth. However, for further study, some factors affecting fungal mycelium growth will be studied. Moreover, there was another technique to control the disease, plant crude extraction, three types of Thai traditional plants, Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.), Galangal (Alpinia galanga L.) and Siamese neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. var. siamensis Valeton.), and four solvents: water, ethanol, hexane and ethyl acetate, were done crude extraction. The result showed that galangal with hexane was effective against P. oryzae and the LD50 was 52% inhibition and the galangal ethyl acetate showed 33.3% inhibition at 300000 ppm while the other treatments failed to inhibit P. oryzae growth. Overall, these findings demonstrated that Streptomyces sp. possessed greater potential against P. oryzae as compared to Bacillus sp. in vitro and could be further explored in vivo. Furthermore, galangal contained effective compounds that inhibited P. oryzae, so the rice pathogen will be managed using both approaches.References
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